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What are the main contributions to the mathematics of general relativity by Sir Roger Penrose, winner of the 2020 Nobel prize?
It seems (as mentioned by Sam Hopkins above) that the Singularity Theorem is the official reason for the Nobel Award.
But that is by no means the only (and perhaps not even the most important) ...
28
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Why is $\mathbb{Z}$ not a Kähler group?
If $X$ is a compact Kähler manifold, then $h^{p,q}(X) = h^{q,p}(X)$ and $b_k(X) = \sum_{p+q=k}h^{p,q}(X)$, so in particular, $b_1(X) = h^{1,0}(X) + h^{0,1}(X) = 2h^{1,0}(X)$ is even. Now,
$$b_1(X) = ...
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27
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Does every group arise as the fundamental group of a complete Kähler manifold?
Any Stein manifold admits a complete Kähler metric. Start with a connected real analytic manifold with the given fundamental group. A suitable tubular neighbourhood of the complexification will be ...
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What are the main contributions to the mathematics of general relativity by Sir Roger Penrose, winner of the 2020 Nobel prize?
I answered about the incompleteness theorem in the other thread. Let's talk about some of his other contributions here. (This list is definitely incomplete*, but just some stuff off the top of my head....
23
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Fundamental groups of compact Kähler manifolds
This is a bit off the top of my head. So if someone feels I omitted some important development, feel free to mention it to me in a comment, by email, or in your own answer.
One can also look at Burger'...
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What are the main contributions to the mathematics of general relativity by Sir Roger Penrose, winner of the 2020 Nobel prize?
A very interesting contribution (not directly related to relativity) is joint with Moore on the so-called Moore-Penrose inverse or generalized inverse, which is crucial in inverse problems theory and ...
21
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Does a Kähler manifold always admit a complete Kähler metric?
Grauert proved that a relatively compact domain with real analytic boundary in C^n has a complete Kahler metric iff the boundary is pseudoconvex .For any
relatively compact domain in C^n which is the ...
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20
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Darboux-like theorems
While Francois' answer is fine, as far as it goes, I think that it is important to bear in mind the history of this problem.
The original problem of 'flatness' or integrability (and more generally, ...
- 105k
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Are most Kähler manifolds non-projective?
See Claire Voisin's amazing results on the subject, or the published version:
On the homotopy types of compact kaehler and complex projective manifolds,
Inventiones Math. 157 2 (2004), 329 - 343.
(...
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18
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Is a symplectic submanifold of a Kähler manifold Kähler?
No. In $\mathbf C^2$ with standard 2-form and complex structure, the real span of $U=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}1\\0\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ and $V=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}i\\1\end{smallmatrix}\right)$...
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16
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What are the main contributions to the mathematics of general relativity by Sir Roger Penrose, winner of the 2020 Nobel prize?
I would say Penrose is a mathematical physicist and I don't think he can be considered (at least not primarily) to be a pure mathematician. For example, his argument for the Penrose inequality is a ...
14
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Why is $\mathbb{Z}$ not a Kähler group?
Every free group is not Kähler (fundamental group of compact Kähler manifold). In particular, a free group of rank 1 is not Kähler.
This follows since the rank of the abelianization of a Kähler ...
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Equivariant Almost Complex Structures on the Full Flag Manifolds
Actually, though this may seem pedantic, there are two almost-complex structures on $\mathbb{CP}^m$ that are invariant under $\mathrm{SU}(m{+}1)$, namely the 'standard' one and its conjugate. Of ...
- 105k
13
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Fundamental groups of compact Kähler manifolds
It is still open whether or not all Kahler groups occur as the fundamental groups of smooth complex projective varieties. However, there has been some interesting work on which groups can occur as ...
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13
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Does the Kähler form $\omega$ satisfy $d^*\omega=0$?
Recall that $d^* = -\ast d\ast$ and $\ast\omega = \frac{1}{(n-1)!}\omega^{n-1}$, see Example 1.2.32 of Huybrechts' Complex Geometry: An Introduction for example. Therefore
$$d^*\omega = -\ast d\ast\...
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13
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Kähler metric with two compatible complex structures
No, you cannot prove this because it is not true. For example, consider $M$ to be the product of two oriented, complete Riemannian surfaces $M=\Sigma_1\times\Sigma_2$ where $g$ is the product metric ...
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What makes a Kähler manifold projective?
If I understand the question correctly, I think that the answer is given by the main result in
S. Ji: Currents, metrics and Moishezon manifolds, Pac. J. Math. 158, No. 2, 335-351 (1993). ZBL0785.32011....
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11
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Algebraic vs. homological equivalence for curves on a smooth complex projective surface
Super vast generalisation: for divisors on a smooth projective variety over an algebraically closed field of any characteristic, the notions of algebraic, homological (for any Weil cohomology theory), ...
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11
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Darboux-like theorems
I think you have in mind the integrability (a.k.a. "flatness") problem for $G$-structures. Beyond the cases mentioned at that link (symplectic, Kähler, and complex structures, corresponding to $G=Sp(n,...
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11
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Are most Kähler manifolds non-projective?
I agree that in a sense it's harder to get your hands a non algebraic Kähler manifold, because you can't simply write an equation for one, but I would argue that there are plenty of them. You won't ...
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Is there a Kähler manifold with no anti-holomophic involution?
The moduli space $\mathcal{M}_1^\mathbb{R}$ of real algebraic curves of genus $1$ equals the real part of the moduli space $\mathcal{M}_1=\mathbb{C}$. In particular, the general elliptic curve has no ...
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10
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What is a Futaki invariant, what is the intuition behind it, and why is it important?
The Futaki invariant $F(X,[\omega])$ is a quantity that needs two pieces of information on a compact complex manifold $M$.
1) A Kahler class $[\omega]$
2) A holomorphic vector field $X$.
It is an ...
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10
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List of Applications of the $\partial\overline{\partial}$-lemma
This is a list of length one :)
The $\partial \bar \partial$-Lemma allows a parameterization of the cohomology class $[\omega]$ of a compact Kaehler manifold $(M, \omega)$ by means of scalar ...
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The logarithm of Kähler metric is not globally defined
Question 1: Note, $\omega + \partial\bar{\partial}\phi$ cannot be zero. Recall that $\phi$ is chosen so that $\omega + \partial\bar{\partial}\phi$ is another metric (in particular, a Kähler-Einstein ...
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10
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Atiyah-Singer for Riemannian and Kaehler manifolds
I highly recommend the discussion in Shanahan's book, The Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem (An introduction), Lecture Notes in Math 638. In addition to a sketch of the proof, he gives a nice discussion of ...
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10
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The period map and the Kodaira--Spencer map
Differential of period map $d P^{p+q,p}$ is composition of KS-map $T_{B,0} \to H^1(X_0,T_{X_0})$ with natural map $H^1(X_0,T_{X_0}) \to Hom(H^{p,q}(X_0),H^{p-1,q+1}(X_0))$ (given by the cup product ...
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Does there exist an algebraic space with large fundamental group but no finite etale covers by schemes
You can get one class of examples by modifying the Hironaka construction, cf. Appendix B, Examples 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 of Hartshorne's "Algebraic Geometry". What is perhaps surprising is that Hartshorne ...
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