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3 votes

Problems known to be in both NP and coNP, but not known to be in P

Suppose that $M$ is a triangulated three-manifold. Then deciding if $M$ is homeomorphic to the three-sphere lies in NP and also in co-NP. Its containment in NP is due to Schleimer (see also Ivanov). ...
4 votes

Problems known to be in both NP and coNP, but not known to be in P

This was mentioned in a comment on this answer, but I think it's important enough to warrant its own answer, especially since new results have arisen since then. A parity game is defined by a directed ...
3 votes
Accepted

References: rigorous algorithms for elementary computations in base-b with complexity estimates

In cryptography, one often needs to implement modular (and polynomial) arithmetic $\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}$, but your hardware only natively supports computations in $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$. Typical ...
Mark Schultz-Wu's user avatar
1 vote
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The equation $ax^2 +by^2 =1 \mod P$ in cyclotomic field

This problem should really be posed over a general finite field (reductions of elements in $\mathcal O_L$ modulo $P$ can be computed in polynomial time). Over any finite field $F$, the equation $ax^2+...
Alexei Entin's user avatar
7 votes
Accepted

What is the fastest known algorithm for evaluating a homogeneous binary polynomial?

The question does not specify what is meant by “algorithm”, but based on the wording of both questions and the comments, I will assume you want to compute the polynomial by a division-free algebraic ...
Emil Jeřábek's user avatar

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