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The Catalan numbers form the sequence of numbers starting 1,1,2,5,14,42,... with explicit formula $\frac{1}{n+1}\binom{2n}{n}$. It counts many combinatorial objects like planar binary trees, triangulations, noncrossing partitions, Dyck paths, etc. See https://oeis.org/A000108
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On generalized Catalan numbers
Counting some things in homological algebra, I found this sequence:
https://oeis.org/A025242.
Is there a good motivation why this sequence is called "generalized Catalan numbers"?
In the link there ca …
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Kernel of a matrix and the Catalan numbers
Let $B_n$ denote the Boolean lattice of a set with $n \geq 2$ elements and $C_n$ the matrix with entries $c_{i,j}=1$ if $i \leq j$ and $c_{i,j}=0$ else, where $i,j\in B_n$.
Let $M_n:=C_n+C_n^T$ (this …
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Number of tilting modules
Let $A=A_n$ be the algebra of upper triangular matrices over a field $K$ with $n$ simple modules.
It is a nice result that there are $C_{n+1}=1,2,5,14,...$ (Catalan numbers for $n \geq 1$) tilting $A_ …