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first-order and higher-order logic, model theory, set theory, proof theory, computability theory, formal languages, definability, interplay of syntax and semantics, constructive logic, intuitionism, philosophical logic, modal logic, completeness, Gödel incompleteness, decidability, undecidability, theories of truth, truth revision, consistency.
2
votes
0
answers
173
views
Semantic equivalence between mathematical proofs
Sometimes, we recognize two proofs of the same claim to be the "same" proof. In some cases, this sameness is obvious -- for example, the proofs that $\sqrt{2}$ and $\sqrt{3}$ are irrational are the sa …
5
votes
1
answer
399
views
Intuition for the "internal logic" of a cotopos
Let $\mathcal{E}$ be an elementary topos. By definition, $\mathcal{E}$ is a category that has finite limits, is Cartesian closed, and has a subobject classifier $\Omega$. This subobject classifier can …