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"Gerbe" is a construct in homological algebra and topology. They can be seen as a generalization of principal bundles to the setting of 2-categories. "Gerbe" is a French (and archaic English) word that literally means wheat sheaf. Gerbes were introduced by Jean Giraud (Giraud 1971) following ideas of Alexandre Grothendieck as a tool for non-commutative cohomology in degree 2.

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Why do gerbes live in H^2?

I was told that $\mathbb{G}_{m}$ -gerbes over $X$ up to equivalence correspond to cohomology classes in $H^2(X,\mathbb{G} _{m})$. …