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Hypergeometric functions are the analytic functions defined by Taylor expansions of the shape $\sum_{n \geq 0} a_n x^n$, where $a_{n+1}/a_n$ is a rational function of $n$. This general family of functions encompasses many classical functions. The hypergeometric functions play an important role in many parts of mathematics.
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Hypergeometric identities
Treating both sides as coefficients of $x^k$ in a power series with variable $x$, the left-hand side turns into a power-series product, one factor representing $\sqrt{1-x}$. We end up with a special c …