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Hypergeometric functions are the analytic functions defined by Taylor expansions of the shape $\sum_{n \geq 0} a_n x^n$, where $a_{n+1}/a_n$ is a rational function of $n$. This general family of functions encompasses many classical functions. The hypergeometric functions play an important role in many parts of mathematics.

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Why are hypergeometric series important and do they have a geometric or heuristic motivation?

Hypergeometric functions arise as matrix coefficients of representations of Lie groups. This is my formal answer, but I will also describe very informally why I believe this is an answer to your que …
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