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Probabilistic methods prove existence results in a nonconstructive fashion, by showing the chance of randomly selecting a solution is greater than zero.

12 votes
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Theorems like the Lovász Local Lemma?

A large number of results for sums $W$ of possibly dependent indicators of events (that is, for sums of possibly dependent Bernoulli random variables) $X_i$ have been obtained by the Chen--Stein metho …
Iosif Pinelis's user avatar
3 votes
Accepted

Probabilistic method Alon and Spencer Azuma's inequality

$\newcommand\ep\epsilon$The martingale $(X_i)$ is given by the formula $$X_i:=E(X|\ep_1,\dots\ep_i).$$ By the independence of the $\ep_i$'s, $$X_i=g_i(\ep_1,\dots,\ep_i),$$ where $$g_i(t_1,\dots,t_i): …
Iosif Pinelis's user avatar