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The obvious answer to your question is to search for papers authored by Gosper, or papers with Gosper's name in the title, such as Pages from the computer files of R. William Gosper. But surely this …

I wrote to Allyn Jackson, who is in charge of this feature. I reproduce her response below with her permission. I can indeed answer this, and unfortunately the answer is no. Embarassingly, we d …

There may be a distinction between what you're talking about and the closely related phenomenon of the same result being rediscovered independently multiple times, and the following may be more illust …

Thanks to Sofie Verbeek for the answer. The reference is Erratum to "Galois Representations and Modular Forms" by Kenneth A. Ribet, Bulletin (New Series) of the American Mathematical Society 33 ( …

There are countless examples, especially if one includes the publication of the Nachlass of a deceased mathematician. Let me mention just one example that I have been looking forward to. The book Inte …

Let $S_2$ denote the set of all integers that are representable as a sum of two squares. Then $S_2$ is closed under multiplication, because of the identity $$(a^2 + b^2)(\alpha^2 + \beta^2) = (a\alph …

Although it is well known that Conway was able to quickly calculate the day of the week of any given date, it is less well known that one part of the algorithm is easy to remember and useful in practi …

One of the key ingredients in Arora's proof is the Patching Lemma, which allows you to reduce the number of crossings between subregions while expanding the length of a tour by a controlled amount. A …

I'm not sure if this is exactly the kind of thing you are looking for but I think it is close. Around 1986, E. R. Swart at the University of Guelph wrote a technical report entitled "P = NP" that cla …

It seems that the references mentioned in the comments collectively answer the question, so I'm compiling them into an actual (community wiki) answer so that the system recognizes that the question ha …

Section 3.3 of Putnam and Beyond by Răzvan Gelca and Titu Andreescu (Springer, 2007) is entitled "Multivariable Differential and Integral Calculus" and has a number of interesting, non-routine problem …

It's not entirely clear to me what you mean by a "position." Under the most obvious interpretation, things like Platonism, logicism, formalism, intuitionism, finitism, etc., are "positions." However …

To elaborate on Piyush Grover's comment, large swaths of theoretical physics can be considered "non-rigorous yet inspiring." The adjective "quirky" might not be so apposite, though. But perhaps some …

Indiscrete Thoughts by Gian-Carlo Rota and Discrete Thoughts by Kac, Rota, and Schwartz.

I'm not aware of anything exactly like what you have in mind, but here are a few things which might be close. They all take aim at the widespread belief that the intellectual development of mathemati …