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Homotopy theory, homological algebra, algebraic treatments of manifolds.

5 votes

How to get convinced that there are a lot of 3-manifolds?

Read Chapter 4 of Thurston's notes http://library.msri.org/books/gt3m/. He produces infinitely many closed hyperbolic 3-manifold of different volumes, and hence non-homeomorphic, just by doing Dehn su …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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3 votes
Accepted

Is the following 3-manifold irreducible?

Yes, $Y$ is still irreducible, and this holds by a simple connectivity argument. Suppose that $\Sigma \subset Y \subset X$ is a smoothly embedded 2-sphere. Since $X$ is irreducible, $\Sigma$ bounds …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
  • 15.4k
13 votes

When can a class in $H^1(M;\mathbb{Z})$ be represented by a fiber bundle over $S^1$

If $M$ is a compact and irreducible 3-manifold, one answer is provided by a theorem of Stallings, in his 1962 paper "On fibering certain 3-manifolds": $\alpha$ is represented by a fibration $f : M \to …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
  • 15.4k
3 votes
Accepted

Bases of surface groups

There is indeed a surface basis for $H$ containing $x_1,\ldots,x_k$. I'll give a topological proof, basically the same as the proof suggested in the comment of @HJRW. First, I'll give a topological re …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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5 votes
Accepted

Nielsen-Thurston classification of homeomorphisms for open surfaces?

The theories for an open surface $S$ and for a compact surface with boundary $\overline S$ whose interior is identified with $S$ are the same. The inclusion of $S$ into $\overline S$ defines an isomor …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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4 votes

(Short) Exact sequences with no commutative diagram between them

Here is an answer involving finitely generated groups in the quotient, and free groups in the kernel and the total group. Suppose that $G$ is an infinite, finitely generated group. Let $F_n = \langl …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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4 votes

Dimension of the homology group with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$

One way this formula is proved is using intersection number of oriented curves. The proof works just fine on any orientable surface using coefficients in any field, both for defining Betti numbers and …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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5 votes

Uniquely geodesic and CAT(0) spaces?

A good counterexample is the Teichmuller space of a closed oriented surface $S$. It is uniquely geodesic by Teichmuller's theorem, but it is not $CAT(0)$.
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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9 votes

The fundamental group of a closed surface without classification of surfaces?

I will answer the question of whether this also gives the classification cheaply. No. It gives the classification at the expense of proving that every surface group has a free cocompact action on th …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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15 votes
Accepted

Universal covering of compact surfaces

You can build a certain covering space of the surface $S$ rather explicitly as a nested union of closed discs $D_1 \subset D_2 \subset D_3 \subset \cdots$, each contained in the interior of the next, …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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3 votes

Classification of geometric outer automorphisms of free groups

I think the short answer is "No", you cannot deduce from this result a classification of all geometric outer automorphisms. I think it might eventually be possible to obtain a classification of geom …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
  • 15.4k
13 votes

Compelling evidence that two basepoints are better than one

In my proof that mapping class groups are automatic, Ann. of Math. (2) 142 (1995), no. 2, 303–384, I used a theorem from ECHLPT "Word Processing in Groups" which says that if a groupoid is automatic …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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40 votes
Accepted

Connected sum of topological manifolds

In the topological category the proof that connected sum is well-defined depends on the Annulus Theorem, first proved by Kirby; the necessity of the Annulus Theorem is seen from Bruno Martelli's answe …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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8 votes

Manifolds covered by an n-dimensional torus

Assuming that you DO mean that $T^n$ is a finite sheeted covering space, at the very least one can say that $\pi_1(M)$ is a torsion free $n$-dimensional crystallographic group. This follows from the B …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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1 vote

Triangulation of fundamental domains for surfaces and generators

Here's an example. Start with a $4g$-gon $P$ with opposite sides glued, which yields a closed surface of genus $g$. Between any side-pair which is glued, there are $2g-1$ sides, which is the maximum p …
Lee Mosher's user avatar
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