You might try to regularize the sum,
$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{ \cos(\alpha n) \sin(n+1) }{n}=
-\frac{1}{4} i e^{-i} \left(\ln \left(1-e^{i (\alpha-1)}\right)+\ln \left(1-e^{-i (\alpha+1)}\right)-e^{2 i} \left(\ln \left(1-e^{-i (\alpha-1)}\right)+\ln  \left(1-e^{i (\alpha+1)}\right)\right)\right)$$
$$=\text{Re}\, \biggl(\tfrac{1}{2} i e^i \ln \left[2 e^i (\cos 1-\cos \alpha)\right]\biggr),\;\;\alpha\neq\pm 1\;\;\text{mod}\;(2\pi).$$