Let $S$ be a non-trivial sub[semiring][1] of the ring of integers of a totally real number field, and denote by $D_S$ the integral semidomain of all arithmetic functions $\mathbf N^+ \to S$ with the operations of pointwise addition and [Dirichlet convolution][2]. It is clear that $D_S$ is atomic (respectively, factorial) only if so is $S$, and my questions are somehow on the converse of this statement: > **Q1.** Is there any case at all in which $D_S$ is atomic (respectively, factorial)? Is there anything in the literature about that? I'm especially interested in the case when $S$ is a ring, and don't even know the answer for $S = \mathbf Z$. Let me recall that an integral semidomain is *atomic* if every non-zero, non-unit element is a (finite) product of atoms (irreducible elements) in at least one way, and *factorial* if every non-zero, non-unit element can be expressed as a product of atoms in an essentially unique way. [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiring#Definition [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet_convolution