Let $X_1,X_2,\ldots,X_n$ be i.i.d. random variables in $\mathbb{R}$ with common cumulative distribution function (CDF) $F(x)$. The empirical approximation to $F(x)$ is defined as follows: $$\hat{F}_n(x)=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\mathbf{1}_{\{X_i\leq x\}}(x)\tag{1}$$ where $\mathbf{1}_A(x)$ is an indicator function: unity when $x\in A$ and zero otherwise. Per an answer to my [previous question][1], by [Donsker's Theorem][2] the scaled error process $G_n(x)\equiv\sqrt{n}\left(\hat{F}_n(x)-F(x)\right)$ converges to the Brownian bridge process $B(F(x))$. I am interested in the error of a point estimate $\hat{F}_n(x_0)$. The first sentence of the "History" section of the [Wikipedia article on the Donsker's Theorem][3] states the following: > By the classical central limit theorem, for fixed $x$, the random variable $G_n(x)$ converges in distribution to a Gaussian (normal) random variable $G(x)$ with zero mean and variance $F(x)(1 − F(x))$ as the sample size $n$ grows. I have two questions about this statement (in order of importance): 1. What is the standard approach when $F(x)$ is unknown? Can one use the estimate $\hat{F}_n(x)$? (similarly to how we use the sample variance estimator to approximate the confidence interval for unknown mean given unknown variance) 2. While I am familiar with the standard proofs and the use of the classical CLT, I don't see how one proves the statement above using standard CLT. Can someone provide a hint? [1]: http://mathoverflow.net/questions/161222/what-is-known-about-the-distribution-of-the-errors-in-empirical-approximation-of [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donsker%27s_theorem [3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donsker%27s_theorem