**For 5 months!** I have been struggling to solve the following equations analytically without numeric method (ie, Newton method): > **Main equation:** > > $$ \biggl(M^2-\cfrac{\mathbf{x^{\text{T}}}M^2\mathbf{x}}{\mathbf{x^{\text{T}}}\mathbf{x}}E\biggr)\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{1} $$ > > **Constraint equations:** > $$ \begin{cases} \mathbf{x^{\text{T}}1}=0 \\ \\ \mathbf{x^{\text{T}}x}=u \end{cases} $$ > > where $\{M,E\}\in\mathbf{R}^{n \times n}$ and $\{\mathbf{1},\mathbf{x}\}\in\mathbf{R}^n$ are defined, then $M$ is an arbitrary symmetric matrix, $E$ > is an identical matrix, > $\mathbf{1}$ is all one vector, $\mathbf{x}$ is a > variable vector and $u\in\mathbf{R}$ is a scalar. > Furthermore, as a knowledge, the below equation form is called [Rayleigh quotient][1] $R(M^2,\mathbf{x})$: > > $$R(M^2,\mathbf{x}):=\cfrac{\mathbf{x^{\text{T}}}M^2\mathbf{x}}{\mathbf{x^{\text{T}}}\mathbf{x}}$$ Now, we attempt to estimate the $\mathbf{x}$. Does the analytic solution or method exist? My ability is shortage but, I guess that this problem has a beautiful solution. [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_quotient