This is to summarize what were discussed in the comments, so the title will not be listed as unanswered.

The linear subspace $S$ of $c_0(\mathbb{Z})$ is equal to the convolution product of two copies of $\ell^2(\mathbb{Z})$. 

More precisely, $\lbrace a_n \rbrace$ is in $S$ if and only if there exist two sequences $\lbrace b_n \rbrace$ and $\lbrace c_n \rbrace$ in $\ell^2(\mathbb{Z})$ such that $$a_n=\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty b_k c_{n-k} $$ for all $n$. 

This follows since  every function in $L^1[0,2\pi]$ is a product of two functions in  $L^2[0,2\pi]$, and that for any functions $f,g$ in  $L^2[0,2\pi]$ one has
$$\frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^\pi f(x)\overline{g(-x)}e^{-inx}\,dx=\sum_{k=-\infty}^\infty \hat{f}(k) \hat{g}(n-k).$$ 

(One also uses that the mapping that maps each $f$ in $L^2[0,2\pi]$ to its Fourier coefficient sequence is an isomorphic isometry.)