Can a non-orientable closed surface of **odd genus** be immersed in $\mathbb R^3$ so that the associated height function be of **Morse-Bott** type and have **no centers**?

That is, the height function would have only Bott-type (circles) extrema and saddle singularities.

My intuition is that no. (I've asked this [question][1] on math.SE but did not get any answer.)

Consider the projective plane $\mathbb RP^2$ as the Boy surface (left) and the Klein bottle $K^2$ (right):

[![|Fig. 1][2]][2]

(image from the [book][3]). The 8-shaped level sets are immersions (i.e., not self-intersecting) except for where singular points are shown. The vertical line in the right-side figure is a homologically non-trivial cycle.

For even genera $g$ (except $g=2$, which is a different story), it is easy to do: e.g., connect the top and bottom of $K^2$ (right) by a tube (as if you drill a wormhole along the vertical axis), which will form a surface of genus $g=4$ immersed with two Bott-type extrema (circles) and two Morse-type saddles. (You can get any even genus $g\ge4$ by adding more handles.)

However, adding such a handle to the $\mathbb RP^2$ (left) seems not possible. Suppose you add such a handle connecting the bottom to the top of the figure (left). There must be a singularity on that handle. Indeed, consider the evolution of the level sets from the bottom to the top along this handle. The level sets at its endpoints are circles $S^1$ immersed in the plane: O-shaped at the bottom and 8-shaped at the top, which are not regularly homotopic by the Whitney–Graustein theorem. Therefore, there must be a singularity in between.

My intuition is that the singularity will be similar to the saddle shown on the picture: though the singular level set can be more complicated (e.g., connecting more handles), it will effectively convert the left-side picture into the right-side one: it would cause an additional cycle (like the one shown on the right between the two singularities), thus making the genus $g$ even.

I think this argument would generalize to a surface with more handles, as soon as any cycle exists between the "bottom" and "top" of the singular level of the type shown in the figure (left).

Unfortunately, I lack the skill to convert this into a formal proof, and even if I could do it for this particular type of immersion of $\mathbb RP^2$ (Boy surface), it would not prove the claim in the general case. Could you provide such a proof, or point to sources where a proof can be found? Detailed explanations would be greatly appreciated, since I am not an expert.


  [1]: https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3389004/immersion-of-non-orientable-surface-in-mathbb-r3-with-conditions-on-the-heig
  [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/cGgSw.jpg
  [3]: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220692408_Computational_Topology_An_Introduction