### The Problem

I have two recursively defined polynomials (skip to the bottom for background and motivation if you care about that) that represent the numerator and denominator of a factor and I want to find the limit of that factor as n goes to infinity.

> $$n_0 = d_0 = 1$$
> $$n_n = d_{n-1}x - n_{n-1}$$
> $$d_n = d_{n-1}(x-1)-n_{n-1}$$

I was able represent this recursive relationship as a matrix and use eigenvalue matrix decomposition to find a closed form for $d_n$ and $n_n$. They are not very pretty:

> $$d_n = \frac{2^{-n-1}}{\sqrt{x-4}} \left(\left(\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x}\right) \left(x+\sqrt{x-4} \sqrt{x}-2\right)^n+\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x}\right) \left(x-\sqrt{x-4} \sqrt{x}-2\right)^n+\frac{2 \left(\left(x-\sqrt{x-4} \sqrt{x}-2\right)^n-\left(x+\sqrt{x-4} \sqrt{x}-2\right)^n\right)}{\sqrt{x}}\right)$$
> $$ n_n = 2^{-n-1} \left(\left(x+\sqrt{x-4} \sqrt{x}-2\right)^n+\left(x-\sqrt{x-4} \sqrt{x}-2\right)^n+\frac{\left(x+\sqrt{x-4} \sqrt{x}-2\right)^n-\left(x-\sqrt{x-4} \sqrt{x}-2\right)^n}{\sqrt{\frac{x-4}{x}}}\right)$$

The first few terms of the ratio ($r_n = n_n/d_n$) are:

> $$r_1 = \frac{x-1}{x-2}$$
> $$r_2 = \frac{x^2-3 x+1}{x^2-4 x+3}$$
> $$r_3 = \frac{x^3-5 x^2+6 x-1}{x^3-6 x^2+10 x-4}$$
> $$r_4 = \frac{x^4-7 x^3+15 x^2-10 x+1}{x^4-8 x^3+21 x^2-20 x+5}$$

And so on.

All of these equations seem to have poles located solely at $0\le x\le 4$, moreover the denominator and numerator seem to never have imaginary roots, but I haven't proven that.

$x$ is assumed to be a positive real number, and because there are no poles $x > 4$ the limit seems to be well behaved and equal to 1(?) outside of this range.  But within this range, I am extremely curious about what the limit is, if it even exists or is possible to evaluate.

**Can someone let me know if it's possible to evaluate this limit in this range?  And if so can you let me know how to go about it?**

### Background and Motivation

An ideal transmission line can be modeled as an inductor and capacitor, the inductor is in series with the load and the capacitor is in parallel.

The impedance of an inductor is given by $Z_L = i \omega L$ and the impedance of a capacitor is $Z_C = \frac{1}{i \omega C}$.

If we string several transmission lines together and end in an open circuit then we can start evaluating from the end using the impedance addition laws.  We first add $Z_L + Z_C$ and then to combine with the second to last capacitor we must $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{Z_L+Z_C}+\frac{1}{Z_C}}$.

When we do that we find, interestingly that the ratio between $Z_C$ and this value is our real valued ratio $r_1$.  We can then solve for $r_n$ by breaking up the ratio into a numerator and denominator and starting from the (n-1)th iteration, and find the relationship given at the top of the question, with $x = \omega ^2 L C$.

Because a series of short transmission lines strung together is the same thing as a long transmission line, I expected the limit of this ratio to be equal to 1.  However, when attempting to evaluate this limit it seems that it is not that simple.