I presume that since you use the definition $H^2\left(G,U(1)\right)$ for the Schur multiplier, you're interested in finite groups? (For infinite groups this is not in general equivalent to the standard definition of $H_2(G,\mathbb{Z})$, and in any case, for infinite groups there are easy examples, such as $G=\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}$.

There are no finite examples.

If $G$ is finite, then your condition is equivalent to $G$ having $p$-rank at most one for every prime $p$ (i.e., not having a subgroup isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$), which is in turn equivalent to all the Sylow $p$-subgroups being cyclic, or (for $p=2$) generalized quaternion.

Cyclic and generalized quaternion groups have trivial Schur multiplier, and this implies that $G$ has trivial Schur multiplier, since if $P$ is a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$ then the restriction map $H^2\left(G,U(1)\right)\to H^2\left(P,U(1)\right)$ is injective on the $p$-primary part of $H^2\left(G,U(1)\right)$.

In fact, for finite groups your condition is equivalent to all subgroups of $G$ having trivial Schur multiplier.