Let X be a 4-manifold and $\Sigma_g\subset X$ be an embedded closed orientable genus = $g$ surface. Suppose $\Sigma_g\subset X$ has a trivial closed normal bundle $N(\Sigma_g) = \Sigma_g\times D^2$. For a given self-diffeomorphism $h$ on $\Sigma_g\times S^1$, we can define a new 4-manifold: $$X(\Sigma_g,h):=(X-\text{Int}N(\Sigma_g))\cup_{h}(\Sigma_g\times D^2)$$ For example, in the case of $g=0$ this operation is called [Gluck construction][1], and in the case of $g=1$ it is well known as (generalized) logarithmic transformation. My question is: > Is there any research in the case of $g\geq2$? Thank you for your help. [1]: http://www.map.mpim-bonn.mpg.de/Gluck_construction