A simple graph is an ordered pair of sets $\,\Gamma:=(V\,E)\,$ such that
$\,E\subseteq\binom V2.\ $ Kuratowski graph of the first kind is
$\,K_n:=\left(V\,\,\binom V2\right),\,$ where $\,n:=|V|.\,$ And of the second type is

$$ K_{m\,n}\,:=\,(W\!\cup\!V\,\, \mu(W\times V)) $$

where $\,W\cap V=\emptyset,\,$ and $\,|W|=m\,$ and $\,|V|=n,\,$ and

$$\,\mu(W\times V)\,:=\,\{\{w\,v\}:\, (w\,v)\in W\times V\} $$

> 

**Q1 (single)**  What is the least natural number $\,s\,$
such that for every edge red-green coloring of $\,K_s,\,$ graph
$\,K_s\,$ contains a red subgraph isomorphic to $\,K_5\,$ or
a green subgraph isomorphic to $\,K_{3\,3}\,$ ? Call this number
$\,\mbox{RK}_{rg}.$

**Q2 (double)**  What is the least natural number $\,d\,$ such
that for every edge red-green coloring of $\,K_d,\,$ graph $\,K_d\,$
contains a unicolored subgraph (totally red or totally green) isomorphic
to $\,K_5\,$ or to $\,K_{3\,3}\,$ ? Call this number
$\,\mbox{RK}_{xx}.$

**Q3 (triple)**  What is the least natural number $\,D\,$ such
that every for every edge red-green coloring of $\,K_d,\,$ graph
$\,K_d\,$ contains two unicolored subgraphs of the same color, one
isomorphic to $\,K_5\,$ and the other one to $\,K_{3\,3}\,$ ? Call
this number $\,\mbox{RK}_{YY}.$

>***REMARK**   Of course, the above questions allude to Kuratowski's characterization of planar graphs (the theorem covered even more than graphs).*

We have
$$ \mbox{RK}_{xx}\,\le\,\mbox{RK}_{rg}\,\le\,\mbox{RK}_{YY} $$

and, *let me quote* **T**aras **B**anakh,

$$ RK_{xx}\le R(5,5)\le 48 $$

*There is a conjecture that* $\,\,R(5,5)=43.\,$ (*end of quote*).