Mathematica evaluates this as 
$$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\binom{2n+1}{n+1}}{2^{2n+1}\,(n+x+1)}=\frac{\sqrt{\pi }\, \Gamma (x)}{\Gamma \left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)}-\frac{1}{x},$$
which is another way to write the answer in the OP. This also holds for $x<0$, unequal to a negative integer.