I am interested in naturally occurring symmetric closed monoidal structures on locally presentable categories. 

Two general examples: 
1. Grothendieck topos with Cartesian structure. Here, for example, $\mathrm{Set}, \mathrm{sSet}$, smooth sets, etc. 
2. [Category algebras of commutative algebraic theory](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/commutative+algebraic+theory#ClosedMonoidalStructureOnAlgebras). Here, for example, $R\text{-}\mathrm{Mod}, \mathrm{Set}_*$. 

I think, it's easy to see that they can be combined into one super example: the category of algebras over a commutative monad on a Grothendieck topos (in the case of a trivial monad, we have the topos itself; we can also consider pointed objects in any topos, in particular we get some sorts of pointed spaces).

Separate from this business is the category $\mathrm{Cat}$. Is there any general reason why $\mathrm{Cat}$ has a (Cartesian!) symmetric closed monoidal structure? And $\mathrm{Pos}$ (category of posets)?