Consider the following map \begin{align*} T \colon \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{S}^1 \to & \mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{S}^1 \\ (x,\theta) \mapsto & \left(\frac{x}{4}+ \sin^2\left(\pi\theta+\frac{y}{2}\right)+0.01, \theta+\frac{3y}{4}+\sin^2\left(\pi\theta+\frac{y}{2}\right)+0.01\right) \end{align*} I have been doing some numerical simulations and it seems this system presents a chaotic attractor. Here there is an approximation of the attractor. The colored points are the fixed points of the map. [![enter image description here][1]][1] According by the following result that can be found in the Katok and Hasselblat book [![enter image description here][2]][2] the chaos in this system might be generated by a transverse intersection of stable and unstable manifold of the orange saddle point. > **My Question:** How do I check analytically that there is this intersection or how do I prove this map has chaotic behaviour? Could anyone help me ? [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/EMUAl.png [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/abo3G.png