[An earlier MO question](http://mathoverflow.net/a/100299/6094) highlighted <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agoh%E2%80%93Giuga_conjecture">Giuga's Conjecture</a>: >A positive integer $n>1$ is prime if and only if $$\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} k^{n-1} \equiv -1 \pmod{n}$$ For example, for the prime $n=5$, the sum is $$ 1^4 + 2^4 + 3^4 + 4^4 = 1+16+81+256 \equiv 1+1+1+1\,(\rm{mod}\, 5)\equiv -1(\rm{mod}\, 5) \;. $$ My question is: Is this conjecture in some sense *central* in the pursuit of prime properties (as is—surely—e.g., Yitang Zhang's and James Maynard's advances related to prime pairs), or is it rather perceived as peripheral to the general understanding of primes? I ask not only because of the spectacular recent advances, but because the *iff* nature of the conjecture seems almost too good to be true, even though it has been verified out to $10^{13800}$.