I thought that this would be a simpe question, and placed [here][1] it at Mathematics Stackexchange. Now have to elevate it to Mathoverflow. ______________________ LANGUAGE TVS = topological vector space. Any subspace of a TVS is a TVS in the induced-topology sense. DEFINITION For TVS spaces ${\mathbb{V}}_1\subset\mathbb V$, a TVS subspace ${\mathbb{V}}_2\subset\mathbb V$ is a *topological complement* of ${\mathbb{V}}_1$ in $\mathbb V$, if $\mathbb V$ is their direct sum both algebraically and topologically. This implies that $$ {\mathbb{V}}_1\oplus {\mathbb{V}}_2\,=\,{\mathbb{V}}~\,, $$ and the following addition map is a homeomorphism: $$ {\mathbb{V}}_1\times{\mathbb{V}}_2\,\longrightarrow\,{\mathbb{V}}~~,\qquad \left(\, v\in{{\mathbb V}}_1\,,~\,v^{\,\prime}\in{{\mathbb V}}_2\,\right)\,\longmapsto~ (v+v^{\,\prime})\in\mathbb V~~.\\ $$ QUESTION A For a *COUNTABLY* infinite splitting $$ {\mathbb V}=\bigoplus_{i\in\cal I}{\mathbb V}_i $$ to be not only algebraic but also topological, would it be sufficient to impose the condition that the map $$ \{{\mathbb{V}}_i\}_{i\in{\cal I}}\longrightarrow\mathbb{V} $$ exists and is a homeomorphism? $~~~~~\\$ QUESTION B Would this work also for an uncountable sum (direct integral) of subspaces? Stated alternatively, can we always be sure that there always exists a necessary measure on the set of these subspaces? If there is no general answer to question B, can this question be answered for Hilbert spaces?$~~~~~\\$ KIND REQUEST This question is of interest mainly to physicists. Could you please make your answer sufficiently detailed and, if possible, understandable to a layman? Thank you! [1]: https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4371932/splitting-of-a-topological-vector-space-tvs-into-an-a-countable-sum-and-b