The elementary theory of the category of sets (<a href="http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/ETCS">nLab</a>) gives axioms on a category such that it is a category of sets. In answering <a href="https://mathoverflow.net/questions/42590/independence-and-category-theory/42708#42708">this MO question</a> I realised that we might have trouble comparing different models of ETCS. So here are some questions starting with easy ones (which I should know the answer to!) to the more difficult. 1. Are two models of ETCS necessarily equivalent categories? 1. Are two models of ETCS equivalent as well-pointed topoi with NNO and Choice? 1. Is there a functor (Edit: a logical functor, as Todd pointed out) between any two models of ETCS? A span? 1. Do models of ETCS necessarily even belong to the same category? I wonder, because the sets that one model of ETCS has as hom-objects may be completely different to the sets that the other model has as hom-objects, and there is a priori no way to map between them.