Of course there is. Let $P$ approximate on $[0, 1]$ with error no greater than $\varepsilon$ the function $$f(x) = \min\{\varepsilon^{-5}, x^{-5/4}\} ,$$
and define $p(x) = x P(x)$. If $x \geqslant \varepsilon^4$, then $f(x^4) = x^{-5}$ and hence
$$|p(x^4) x^2 - x| = x^6 |P(x^4) - f(x^4)| \leqslant x^6 \varepsilon \leqslant \varepsilon .$$
On the other hand, if $x < \varepsilon^4$, we simply have $f(x^4) = \varepsilon^{-5}$, and hence
$$\begin{aligned}|p(x^4)x^2 - x| & \leqslant x^6 |P(x^4) - f(x^4)| + x^6 |f(x^4)| + |x| \\ & \leqslant \varepsilon^{24} \varepsilon + \varepsilon^{24} \varepsilon^{-5} + \varepsilon^4 \leqslant \varepsilon ,\end{aligned}$$
provided that $\varepsilon$ is small enough.