If $\Omega$ is a rational K&auml;hler class, so $M$ is projective algebraic, then <a href="http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jdg/1143642909">Donaldson</a> was the first to prove the Chen-Hwang lower bound that you stated. In fact, in this case he proved more, namely that
$$\inf_{\omega\in\Omega}\mathrm{Ca}(\omega)\geq \sup_{\mathfrak{X}}\Psi(\mathfrak{X}),$$ where $\mathfrak{X}$ is any <i>test configuration</i> for $(M,\Omega)$, and $\Psi(\mathfrak{X})$ is a suitable normalization of the <i>Futaki invariant</i> of $\mathfrak{X}$ (see the paper of Donaldson for definitions). The point is that if $(M,\Omega)$ is <i>K-unstable,</i> then the supremum is strictly positive (by definition), and so you conclude that there is no constant scalar curvature K&auml;hler metric in the class $\Omega$.

In the same paper (p.455) Donaldson conjectures that equality above should always hold. This would be the sharp lower bound that you are looking for, and it is still open in general. Very recently, as a consequence of work of <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.7494">Chen, Donaldson, Sun,</a> <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.4669">Tian</a> and <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.6681">Li</a>, it was shown that equality holds when $M$ is Fano, $\Omega$ is the anticanonical class, and $(M,\Omega)$ is K-stable or K-semistable (i.e. the case when the supremum on the RHS is zero).

Therefore there is no general "simple" formula for the lower bound of the Calabi energy, and this is related to the difficult open problem of relating existence of constant scalar curvature K&auml;hler to algebro-geometric stability. See for example <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0512411">these</a> <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/0801.4179">surveys</a> for more on this problem.

By the way, Donaldson's inequality was inspired by a similar identity proved by <a href="http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/308/1505/523">Atiyah-Bott</a> for holomorphic vector bundles on algebraic curves, with the infimum of the Calabi energy replaced by the infimum of the $L^2$ norm of the curvature of all compatible unitary connections. This identity was recently extended by <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.1550">A.Jacob</a> to all holomorphic vector bundles on compact K&auml;hler manifolds.