There are different ways of showing that a given sequence $a_0,a_1,a_2,\dots$
of integers, say, is nonnegative. For example, one can show that $a_n$ count
something, or express $a_n$ as a (multiple) sum of obviously positive numbers.
Another recipe is manipulating with the corresponding generating series
$A(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_nx^n$ and showing that $A(x)\ge0$ (this is the
notation for a series which has all coefficients nonnegative, and this extends
to formal power series in as many variables as needed).

An example of criterion in this direction is
$$
(*) \qquad
A(xy)\ge0 \iff \frac1{(1-x)(1-y)}A\biggl(\frac{xy}{(1-x)(1-y)}\biggr)\ge0
$$
(the multiple $1/(1-x)(1-y)$ is introduced for cosmetic purposes only and, of course, both $A(x)\ge0$ and $A(xy)\ge0$ are by definition equivalent to the nonnegativity of the sequence $a_n$).
The latter can be verified by comparing the corresponding coefficients
in the power series expansion
$$
\frac1{(1-x)(1-y)}A\biggl(\frac{xy}{(1-x)(1-y)}\biggr)
=\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n\sum_{k,m=0}^\infty\binom{n+k}n\binom{n+m}nx^{n+k}y^{n+m}.
$$

On the other hand, the one-dimensional version of $( * )$,
$$
A(x)\ge0 \iff \frac1{1-x}A\biggl(\frac{x}{1-x}\biggr)\ge0,
$$
is simply false.

My question is whether it is possible to find two *nontrivial* rational functions
$p(x)\in\mathbb Q[[x]]$ and $r(x)\in x\mathbb Q[[x]]$ in *one* variable $x$
such that
$$
A(x)\ge0 \iff p(x)A\bigl(r(x)\bigr)\ge0.
$$
Although I am not supposed to put several problems in one question, I
would also ask about a more direct proof of $( * )$ and about general ways
of constructing such $p$ and $r$ in more than one variable.

**Motivation.** Basically I am interested in proving nonnegativity of certain
$q$-series sequences $a_0(q),a_1(q),a_2(q),\dots$ by manipulating with the
corresponding generating series $A_q(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n(q)x^n$. Some
of them can be "guessed" from non-$q$-versions, for example there is a neat
$q$-analogue of the criterion $( * )$.