Given a positive integer $n$ which is not a perfect square, it is well-known that [Pell's equation][1] $a^2 - nb^2 = 1$ is always solvable in non-zero integers $a$ and $b$. > <b>Question:</b> Let $n$ be a positive integer which is not a perfect square. > Is there always a polynomial $D \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ of degree $2$, an integer $k$ and > nonzero polynomials $P, Q \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ such that $D(k) = n$ and $P^2 - DQ^2 = 1$, > where $a = P(k)$, $b = Q(k)$ is the fundamental solution of the equation > $a^2 - nb^2 = 1$? > > If yes, is there an upper bound on the degree of the polynomials $P$ and $Q$ -- > and if so, is it even true that the degree of $P$ is always $\leq 6$? <b>Example:</b> Consider $n := 13$. Putting $D_1 := 4x^2+4x+5$ and $D_2 := 25x^2-14x+2$, we have $D_1(1) = D_2(1) = 13$. Now the fundamental solutions of the equations $P_1^2 - D_1Q_1^2 = 1$ and $P_2^2 - D_2Q_2^2 = 1$ are given by - $P_1 := 32x^6+96x^5+168x^4+176x^3+120x^2+48x+9$, - $Q_1 := 16x^5+40x^4+56x^3+44x^2+20x+4$ and - $P_2 := 1250x^2-700x+99$, - $Q_2 := 250x-70$, respectively. Therefore $n = 13$ belongs to at least $2$ different series whose solutions have ${\rm deg}(P) = 6$ and ${\rm deg}(P) = 2$, respectively. Examples for all non-square $n \leq 150$ can be found [here][2]. [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell%27s_equation [2]: http://www.gap-system.org/DevelopersPages/StefanKohl/problems/pellpolynomials.txt