The suffix "-oid" means the same as "quasi", so "resembling", "like". A *groupoid* is a quasi-group, like a group. 

From the "early use" <a href="https://jeff560.tripod.com/c.html">database</a> I find:

250 BC: conchoid    
200 BC: cissoid    
1685: cochleoid    
1830: epicycloid    
1844: centroid    
1872: geoid, gyroid   
1881: prismatoid   
1891: cuboid