Suppose that $E$ an elliptic curve defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and $p$ an odd prime. Let $G=\text{Gal}(\mathbb{Q}(E[p])/\mathbb{Q})$. I am wondering whether the cohomology group $H^1(G, E[p])$ can be nontrivial. If $G=GL_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$ (which is the case for all but finitely many primes $p$ if $E$ does not have complex multiplication) then $H^1(G, E[p])$ is trivial. This can be shown by considering the homothety subgroup $Z \le G$ which has order $p-1>1$. One easily sees that $H^i(Z, E[p])=0$ for all $i \geq 0$ and so the result follows from the Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence.

Now suppose that $G$ is a proper subgroup of $GL_2(\mathbb{F}_p)$. Can $H^1(G, E[p])$ be nontrivial?