Let $X$ be a random variable taking values in $\mathbb R^n$ with a probability distribution $\mathbb P$ that has a density $p$. Consider further a linear mapping $\pi: \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R^m$, i.e. $\pi$ is an $m \times n$ matrix. We assume $m<n$, i.e. the linear transformation is in general non-invertible! Now the distribution of the new random variable given by $Y = \pi X$ is given by $$ \mathbb P_Y (B \subset \mathbb R^m) := \mathbb P(\pi^{-1}(B)) = \int_{\pi^{-1}(B)} p \; dx$$ where $\pi^{-1}(B)$ denotes the pre-image of $B$ under $\pi$. Question: How does the $\textit{density}$ of the random variable $Y$ look like? Is it simply: $$ p_Y(y) = \int_{\pi^{-1}(\{y\})} p \; dS$$ or do I need some scaling? Initially I had the following: $$ \int_{B} p_Y(y) \; dy = \int_{B} \int_{\pi^{-1}(\{y\})} p \; dS \, dy = \int_{\pi^{-1}(B)} p \; dx = \mathbb P_Y(B)$$, but there seems some scaling missing. Could you please tell me where my mistake is? Thank you