Let $A(t)$ be a $n\times n$-matrix-valued continuous (plus possibly other niceness conditions; see below) curve, with the matrix entries being complex in general. If I am not mistaken, $A(t)$ generates a minimal Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of matrices, in the sense that $\mathfrak{g}$ is the intersection of all $n\times n$ matrix Lie algebras containing $A(t)$ for all $t$. Now consider the equation $$\frac{d U(t,t_0)}{d t}=A(t) U(t,t_0)$$ with initial condition $$U(t_0,t_0)=\mathbf{1}_n$$ where $\mathbf{1}_n$ is the $n \times n$ unit matrix. I am interested in the matrix logarithms of $U(t,t_0)$ for arbitrarily large $t$. For $t$ close to $t_0$ at least one of them lies in $\mathfrak{g}$ because the condition $ \int_{t_0}^t \|A(s)\| ds < \pi$ is satisfied -as long as $A(t)$ is nice- and thus the Magnus series for the logarithm converges. For large $t$ I have no reason to expect that the Magnus series will continue to converge; however $U(t,t_0)$ has at least one logarithm, because the matrix exponential is surjective when considering matrices with complex-valued entries. My question is this: Where do the matrix logarithms of $U(t,t_0)$ lie? Is it possible that they all lie outside $\mathfrak{g}$? I would also appreciate it if anyone knows any good references dealing with these equations. Thank you!