I have a somewhat more algebraic proof than Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta's carry-based proof. I believe the idea goes back to Landau.

Let's start with your super super Catalan numbers type 1. A rational number $a$ is integer iff $v_p(a)\ge 0$ for all primes $p$. Hence, to prove integrality of those numbers, it suffices to show that
$$(*) \forall p: v_p( \frac13\frac{(3x)!(3y)!(3z)!}{x!^2y!^2z!^2(x+y+z)!} ) \ge 0 .$$
Define the following function $f:\mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{Z}$:
$$ f(x_1,x_2,x_3) = \lfloor 3x_1 \rfloor + \lfloor 3x_2 \rfloor + \lfloor 3x_3 \rfloor - 2\left( \lfloor x_1 \rfloor + \lfloor x_2 \rfloor + \lfloor x_3 \rfloor \right) -  \lfloor x_1+x_2+x_3 \rfloor.$$
Legendre has shown that
$$v_p(n!) = \sum_{ k \ge1} \lfloor \frac{n}{p^k} \rfloor,$$
which implies that
$$(**) v_p( \frac13\frac{(3x)!(3y)!(3z)!}{x!^2y!^2z!^2(x+y+z)!} ) = \sum_{k \ge 1} f(\frac{x}{p^k}, \frac{y}{p^k}, \frac{z}{p^k}) - \delta_{p=3}.$$
Hence, to establish $(*)$, at least for $p \neq 3$, it suffices to show that $f$ is always non-negative. Note that $f$ has period 1 in each of its variables. Hence, WLOG we may assume that $0\le x_i <1$, in which case
$$(***) f(x_1,x_2,x_3) = \lfloor 3x_1 \rfloor + \lfloor 3x_2 \rfloor + \lfloor 3x_3 \rfloor - \lfloor x_1+x_2+x_3 \rfloor.$$
Write $x_i$ as $\frac{a_i}{3}+r_i$, where $a_i \in \{0,1,2\}$ and $0 \le r_i < \frac{1}{3}$. Then $(***)$ becomes
$$f(x_1,x_2,x_3) = a_1+a_2+a_3 - \lfloor \frac{a_1+a_2+a_3}{3} + (r_1+r_2+r_3) \rfloor \ge \frac{2(a_1+a_2+a_3-1)}{3}.$$
If $a_1,a_2,a_3=0$ then $f(x_1,x_2,x_3)=0\ge 0$, and otherwise $a_1+a_2+a_3 \ge 1$ which implies $f(x_1,x_2,x_3) \ge 1$. 

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What about $p=3$? Because of the extra term $-\delta_{p=3}=-1$ in $(**)$, we must show that at least one of the summands in $(**)$ is positive. By the calculations above, $f(x,y,z)=0$ iff $\{ x\}, \{ y \}, \{ z \} \in [0,\frac{1}{3})$. If we let $k$ equal the largest integer such that $3^{k-1} \mid x,y,z$, then $\frac{x}{3^k}, \frac{y}{3^k}, \frac{z}{3^k}$ can't simultaneously be of the form $\text{integer} + \varepsilon (\in [0,\frac{1}{3}) )$, which implies that the $k$'th summand in $(*)$ is positive.


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As for the super super Catalan numbers of type 2, note that
$$T(x,y,z) = S(x,y,z) \binom{x+y+z-1}{x-1,y,z},$$
so it is integer as a product of two integers.