If the axiom of choice holds, then this is an immediate consequence of the upward Lowenheim-Skolem theorem. Any first order theory in a finite language with an infinite model, such as the theory of the infinite cyclic group, admits models of every infinite cardinality. Thus, one can find infinite abelian groups of any given size satisfying exactly the same theory, in the language of group theory, as your favorite infinite abelian group.
Without the axiom of choice, there are sets admitting no group structure at all, as show in Ashutosh's answer to the question I mention in the comment.
