Efimov (1965): Is there a zero-dimensional homogeneous dyadic space of weight $\kappa$ that is not homeomorphic to $2^\kappa$?
Pashenkov (1974): Yes, if $\kappa=2^\mu$ for some uncountable $\mu$.
Shapiro (1993) and Bell (1994): No, if $\kappa=\aleph_1$.
So the answer to the question in the title is Yes when $\mathfrak{c}=\aleph_1$ and it is No when $\mathfrak{c}=2^{\aleph_1}$. Then the real question (perhaps still open) is:
Suppose that $\aleph_1 < \mathfrak{c} > < 2^{\aleph_1}$. Is there a zero-dimensional homogeneous dyadic space of weight $\mathfrak{c}$ that is not homeomorphic to $2^\mathfrak{c}$?
Maybe it is more reasonable to replace $\mathfrak{c}$ by $\aleph_2$ in this question. I would also like to know what happens in general with a $\kappa > \aleph_1$ which is not a power of $2$.
Definitions:
Space = Hausdorff topological space.
$X$ is homogeneous if for all $x,y \in X$ there is an autohomeomorphism of $X$ sending $x$ to $y$.
A space is dyadic if it is the continuous image of some Cantor cube $2^\kappa $.
A space is zero-dimensional if it has a base of clopen subsets.
The weight of a space is the least size of a base for its topology.