Yuichiro Fujiwara's comments seem to answer the question in full so I am making it an answer.  I quote below from <a href="http://cms.math.ca/cjm/v29/cjm1977v29.0255-0269.pdf">Kronecker products and local joins of graphs</a> by M. Farzan and D. A. Waller, <i>Can. J. Math.</i> <b>29</b> (1977), 255&ndash;269.

>By a <i>1-contraction</i> of $G$ we mean the removal from $G$ of each vertex of degree 1 (and its incident edge).
>
> 5.3 THEOREM.  Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be connected graphs with more than four vertices.  Then $G_1\times G_2$ is planar if and only if either
>
> (i) one of the graphs is a path and the other one is 1-contractible to a path or a circuit, or
>
> (ii) one of them is a circuit and the other is 1-contractible to a path.

This leaves open only the case in which at least one of the graphs has fewer than five vertices.  Proposition 5.4, which I won't bother reproducing here, covers some of these cases.  <a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00387303/document">Beaudou et al.</a> addresses the case $G=K_2$.  A complete solution appears to be still an open problem.