At the suggestion of Yemon, I have moved my comment to an answer. The [Gelfand representation][1] [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelfand_representation
gives an equivalence between the category of commutative, unital $C^*$-algebras and the opposite category of compact Hausdorff spaces.
Breifly, let $A$ be a $C^\*$-algebra, and let $\Sigma$ be the collection of nonzero homomorphisms $A \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$. Then $\Sigma$ sits inside $A^\*$, the dual of $A$. Thus we can endow it with the weak-$\*$ topology. With this topology, if we consider $C(\Sigma)$, the algebra of continuous functions $\Sigma \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$, it turns out that we obtain a canonical isometric $\*$-isomorphism $A \rightarrow C(\Sigma)$.
The functor $CommC^\*Alg \rightarrow CptHdTop^{op}$ given by $A \mapsto \Sigma$ defined above is an equivalence of categories. A great reference for the details is Conway's book on functional analysis (but he doesn't mention categories or functors).