Your example is a bit of a red herring, as this is relatively easy for hyperelliptic curves. A hyperelliptic curve can be reconstructed uniquely from the data of the branch divisor of the degree $2$ map to $\mathbb{P}^1$. Furthermore, isomorphisms of hyperelliptic curves commute with the degree $2$ map to $\mathbb{P}^1$. Thus for two hyperelliptic curves, the only issue is whether or not the branch divisors are projectively equivalent, and this is quite straightforward to check.
Jack Huizenga
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