I have not found a proof in the book. But the statement is not difficult. Assign to each element of a countable group $G$ a natural number $0,1,2,...$ (for every $n$ only finite number of  elements $g$ are assigned the same numbers $n(g)=n$, $n(1)=0$ and 1 is the only element with number 0, $n(g^{-1})=n(g)$). Then define a norm $|g|$ of $g$ as the smallest sum $n(g_1)+...+n(g_k)$ such that $g=g_1g_2...g_k$ in $G$. Then define the distance $dist(g,h)=|g^{-1}h|$. It is left invariant and has finite balls.