Here are some preliminary computations.
One wants to compute $A_k^n=\lambda_k^2E\left(X_k^2S^{-1}\right)$, where $S=\sum\limits_{k=1}^n\lambda_k^2X_k^2$. Starting from the expression $$ S^{-1}=\int_0^{+\infty}\mathrm{e}^{-tS}\mathrm{d}t, $$ and using the independence property of the random variables $X_k$, one gets $$ A_1^n=\int_0^{+\infty}\lambda_1^2E(X_1^2\mathrm{e}^{-tS})\mathrm{d}t=\int_0^{+\infty}\lambda_1^2E(X^2\mathrm{e}^{-t\lambda_1^2X^2})E(\mathrm{e}^{-t\lambda_2^2X^2})\cdots E(\mathrm{e}^{-t\lambda_n^2X^2})\mathrm{d}t, $$ that is, $$ A_1^n=-\lambda_1^2\int_0^{+\infty}u'(t\lambda_1^2)u(t\lambda_2^2)\cdots u(t\lambda_n^2)\mathrm{d}t, \quad\text{where}\ u(t)=E(\mathrm{e}^{-tX^2}). $$ By some simple computations, $$ u(t)=(1+2t)^{-1/2},\quad u'(t)=-(1+2t)^{-3/2}, $$ hence $$ A_1^n=\int_0^{+\infty}\frac{\lambda_1^2\mathrm{d}t}{(1+2\lambda_1^2t)\sqrt{(1+2\lambda_1^2t)(1+2\lambda_2^2t)\cdots(1+2\lambda_n^2t)}}. $$ First example When $\lambda_k^2=\lambda^2$ for every $k$, the change of variable $s=\sqrt{1+2\lambda^2t}$, $s\mathrm{d}s=\lambda^2\mathrm{d}t$, yields $$ A_1^n=\int_1^{+\infty}\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{s^{n+1}}=\frac1n, $$ as was to be expected by symmetry.
Second example When $\lambda_1^2=\lambda^2$ and $\lambda_k^2=1$ for every $k\ge2$, the change of variable $s=\sqrt{1+2t}$, $s\mathrm{d}s=\mathrm{d}t$, with $1+2\lambda^2t=\lambda^2s^2+1-\lambda^2$ yields $$ A_1^n=\int_1^{+\infty}\frac{\lambda^2\mathrm{d}s}{s^{n-2}(\lambda^2s^2+1-\lambda^2)^{3/2}}=1-(n-1)\int_1^{+\infty}\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{s^{n}(\lambda^2s^2+1-\lambda^2)^{1/2}}. $$ When $n=2$ and $\lambda^2\ge1$, setting $\lambda^2=1/\cos^2 u$ yields $A_1^2=\displaystyle\frac1{1+\cos u}=\frac{\lambda}{1+\lambda}$. This last formula is also valid if $\lambda^2\le1$.
When $n=3$ and $\lambda^2\ge1$, setting $\lambda^2=1/\cos^2 u$ and some further computations yield $$ A_1^3=\frac{1-u\cot u}{\sin^2u}. $$ Likewise, if $\lambda^2\le1$, setting $\lambda^2=1/\cosh^2 u$ yields $$ A_1^3=\frac{u\coth u-1}{\sinh^2 u}. $$