Another contender that has appeared very recently is [Julia](http://julialang.org/). It is a Matlab-like language designed from scratch for scientific computing by compiler and programming language experts, with a special eye to speed potential, parallelizability and syntax consistency. The language is JIT-compiled, and seems blazing fast on simple CPU-intensive benchmarks (several factors faster than Python/Matlab/R, within a small factor from Fortran and C).

It is garbage-collected; its object-oriented features are based on [multiple dispatch](http://julia.readthedocs.org/en/latest/manual/methods/) and supports lambdas and some [functional programming](http://julia.readthedocs.org/en/latest/manual/functions/),

Library support is still not as large as the contenders, but I'd say it already includes everything that you can study in a first course on numerical analysis.