Let $A$ be a quadratic algebra and $B$ the Ext-algebra of $A$.
In case $A$ is a Koszul algebra, we should have that the global dimension of $A$ plus one is equal to the Loewy length of $B$ (is there a reference for this?). 

Namely we should have $gldim(A)= \sup \{ i \geq 0 | Ext_A^i(A_0,A_0) \neq 0 \} = LL(B)-1$, where LL stands for Loewy length and $A_0$ is the degree zero part of the graded algebra $A$.
Im not sure in general about the first equality here (it should at least hold for $A$ finite dimensional), but the second equality should be correct since $B$ is generated in degree 0 and 1.

Thus $gldim(A)+1=LL(B)$.

>Question 1: Is $gldim(A)= \sup \{ i \geq 0 | Ext_A^i(A_0,A_0) \neq 0 \} $ true in general or under some restrictions? Is there a reference?
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>Question 2: Is a quadratic algebra Koszul iff $gldim(A)+1=LL(B)$ holds?

Maybe on needs to assume further restrictions for question 1, but I think in some form it will be true. 
One should be able to apply this in two nice examples:

a) $A=K[x_1,...,x_n]$ the polynomial ring in $n$ variables. Here $B$ is the Grassmann algebra in $n$ variables which has Loewy length $n+1$ and this shows that $A$ has global dimension $n$.

b)$A=kQ$ the quiver algebra of an arbitrary quiver with finitely many points and at least one arrow (that may be infinite dimensional). Then $B$ is the algebra with the same quiver and radical square zero and thus Loewy length 2. Thus the formula would give here that $A$ has global dimension one and I think the proof of this is actually quite complicated without those tools.