The *Serre relations* (some authors also call them *Serre-Chevalley relations*) for the finite dimensional, complex, basic, classical, simple Lie superalgebras -**in analogy with  the Lie  algebra case**- read: 
$$
(ad E_i^\pm)^{1-\tilde{a}_{ij}}E_j^\pm=\sum_{n=0}^{1-\tilde{a}_{ij}}(-1^n)\binom{1-\tilde{a}_{ij}}{n}(E_i^\pm)^{1-\tilde{a}_{ij}-n}E_j^\pm (E_i^\pm)^n=0
$$
where, the $E_i^\pm$ are the raising/lowering operators associated to the simple root system $\Delta^0$ and the matrix $\tilde{A}=(\tilde{a}_{ij})$ is derived from the corresponding Cartan matrix of the LS by replacing all its positive off-diagonal entries by $-1$. 
 
However, the above relations -**in contrast to the Lie algebra case**- are not enough: The superalgebra generated by the usual Cartan-Kac relations, together with the above Serre-Chevalley relations is generally a bigger superalgebra than the one under consideration. 

It can be shown that, the above relations need to be supplemented by  higher order relations, generally involving more than two generators, in order to quotient the bigger superalgebra and recover the initial one. These supplementary relations (too complicated to be included in this post) generally depend on the different kinds of vertices which appear in the corresponding Dynkin diagram of the LS under consideration. You can find more details on these, and the explicit form of the supplementary relations at: [Dictionary on Lie superalgebras][1], 1996, by L. Frappat, A. Sciarrino, P. Sorba, sect. 43, p. 62-63 (the supplementary relations are those in p. 63).  
(There, you can also find the Cartan matrices and the Dynkin diagrams for all fin. dim., complex, basic, classical, simple Lie superalgebras). 

There exists significant research on this topic in the mathematical physics literature (where frequently such constructions have been extended to the $q$-deformed case).     See for example, for the case of $osp(1/2n)$ Lie superalgebras, the article: [The quantum superalgebra $U_q\big(osp(1/2n)\big)$: deformed para-Bose operators and root of unity representations][2], 1995, by T.D. Palev, J. Van der Jeugt. The corresponding Serre-Chevalley relations, for the undeformed case, are eq. (2.11), p. 4.  


  [1]: https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-th/9607161.pdf
  [2]: https://arxiv.org/abs/q-alg/9501020v1