Well, it's just as simple as this: the output at any moment reflects the effect of the input at just that moment, plus the lingering effect after one second of the input from one second before, plus the lingering effect after two seconds of the input from two seconds before, plus the lingering effect after three seconds of the input from three seconds ago, etc. That is, the sum (or, rather, more continuously, integral) over all t of "The input from t seconds ago" * "The amount of lingering effect a unit of input contributes after t seconds". That is, precisely a convolution of the input signal and the impulse response.
Sridhar Ramesh
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