There is a classical result commonly attributed to W. Sierpiński that reads as follows: > **Theorem 1.** If $f: \Sigma \to \bf R$ is a non-atomic (*) measure on a set $S$, then for every $X \in \Sigma$ and $a \in [0, f(X)]$ there exists $A \in \Sigma$ such that $A \subseteq X$ and $f(A) = a$. In an attempt of finding out where this was first proved, I bumped into the Wiki article on atomic measures ([here][1]), which sketches a proof of a stronger result and provides a reference to [3]. However, the reference doesn't seem to be correct, as the paper above proves, to the best of my understanding, that: > **Theorem 2.** If $E_0$ is a bounded subset of ${\bf R}^m$ and $f$ a _finitely_ additive function $\mathcal P(E_0) \to \bf R$ that is _continue_ (**), then for all $E_1, E_2 \subseteq E_0$ and every $a \in [0,1]$ there exists a _(Lebesgue-)measurable_ set $A \subseteq E_0$ such that $f(A) = a f(E_1) + (1-a) f(E_2)$. (Caveat lector: I'm essentially sticking to Sierpiński's notation and terminology, and hoping to interpret them correctly.) So my question is: > **Q.** Assuming that I'm not missing something, do you know of a correct reference to Sierpiński's work where Theorem 1 was first proved? **Update (Nov 04, 2015).** It follows from [2, Theorem 1] that the range of a countably additive non-atomic vector measure $\mu:\Sigma\to{\bf R}^n$ (viz., an $n$-tuple of countably additive measures $\Sigma\to\bf R$ each of which is non-atomic) is convex. This, yet, doesn't seem to have a clear relation with Theorem 1 above, as it implies that for all $X\in\Sigma$ and $a\in [0,1]$ there exists $A\in\Sigma$ s.t. $\mu(A)=a\mu(X)$, while for Theorem 1 we should also have $A\subseteq X$. Lyapunoff's theorem appears as (part of) Theorem 13 in [1, Chapter 2]. In particular, it is noted on p. 39 of Fryszkowski's book that "There is a long story of results concerning the range of vector measures. The first result of this type belongs to Sierpiński [...]," and here a reference is given to the 1922 paper I cited before, "who showed that the range of a real non-atomic measure is a compact interval." This, however, is _not_ the content of Theorem 2 above, is it?! So I feel all the more confused by the entire story, and continue missing the link with Theorem 1 above. **Notes.** (*) It means that if $X \in \Sigma$ and $|f(X)| > 0$ then there exists $Y \in \Sigma$ such that $Y \subseteq X$ and $0 < |f(Y)| < |f(X)|$. (**) It means that $f(E) \to 0$ as $E \subseteq E_0$ and the diameter of $E$ tends to $0$. **Bibliography.** [[1]] A. Fryszkowski, _Fixed Point Theory for Decomposable Sets_, Topological Fixed Point Theory and Its Applications **2**, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. [2] A. A. Liapounoff, _Sur les fonctions-vecteurs complètement additives_, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. **4** (1940), No. 6, 465-478. [3] W. Sierpiński, _Sur les fonctions d'ensemble additives et continues_, Fund. Math. **3** (1922), No. 1, 240–246 (in French). [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_%28measure_theory%29#Non-atomic_measures