A quick note that (2) doesn't follow from ZF (assuming ZF is consistent) or even ZF+DC. (2)+Countable Choice for Finite Sets (CC(fin)) implies that every uncountable set has a non-principal (finitely additive, non-trivial) measure. Let $\Omega$ be uncountable. Let $\mu$ be as in (2). Let $A = \{ x : \mu(\{ x \}) > 0 \}$. The standard proof that a finite measure has only countable many atoms only uses CC(fin) (there are at most $n$ elements $x$ such that $\mu(\{ x \}) \in [1/n, 1/(n-1))$). So $A$ is countable. So $\mu(A)<1$. Then $\nu(B) = \mu(B-A)$ defines a non-principal measure and is non-trivial since $\nu(\Omega)=1-\mu(A)>0$. But Blass gave a model of ZF+DC with no non-principal measures ("A model without ultrafilters", Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. 25 (1977), 329–331; I haven't read the paper, but Pincus and Solovay say that it proves this). Since DC implies CC(fin), (2) is false in that model. A different way to see that (2) doesn't follow from ZF is this. Take a model where there is an infinite Dedekind-finite set but CC(fin) still holds (the [Consequences of AC website][1] lists a bunch of models where Form 10 is true and Form 9 is false). Now if $\Omega$ is an infinite Dedekind-finite set and $\mu$ satisfies (2), then every point of $\Omega$ will have to be an atom of $\mu$ (or else $\mu(\Omega - \{ x \}) = \mu(\Omega)$). But by CC(fin), the set of atoms is countable, which is impossible for a Dedekind-finite set. I'm curious if (2) implies CC(fin). [1]: http://consequences.emich.edu/conseq.htm