This one technically doesn't fit your stated criteria, but I think it's a good example in the same spirit.  Dan Shechtman's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Shechtman#Work_on_quasicrystals">work on quasicrystals</a> was initially strongly resisted, most famously by Linus Pauling, who snidely remarked, "There is no such thing as quasicrystals, only quasi-scientists." <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasicrystal#History">Earlier, similar discoveries</a> by other scientists were similarly ignored or dismissed fairly quickly.

In this case, it seems that the mathematical work on aperiodic tilings, though well known and accepted in the mathematical community, was poorly understood or ignored or rejected as irrelevant by most scientists studying crystallography.