This question has its origin in combinatorial topology. In the 90s R. Forman proposed a discrete counterpart of Morse theory. In his case, a Morse function on a triangulated space is a function that assigns a number to each face and satisfying certain conditions. The theory has found beautiful applications, but it has one limitation: discrete Morse functions are hard to find, unlike the smooth case where smooth Morse functions are a dime a dozen. That made me think that maybe that aren't too many such discrete Morse functions. So naturally one can ask, really, how many Morse functions are out there on a given triangulated space. The present question deals with the simplest triangulated space, namely a line segment divided into $n$-subintervals. The probelm of counting the combinatorial Morse functions on this triangulated space reduces to the following purely combinatorial problem. Consider the group $S_{2n+1}$ of permutations of the set $$ V_n:=\lbrace 0,1,\dotsc,2n\rbrace. $$ A point $i\in V_n$ is called an *interior point* if $i\neq 0,2n$. An interior point $i\in V_n$ is a *local minimum* of a permutation $\phi\in S_{2n+1}$ if $$ \phi(i-1)> \phi(i) <\phi(i+1). $$ A *local maximum* is defined in a similar fashion. Here is now the question. > Denote by $p_n$ the probability that > a random permutation of $S_{2n+1}$ has > the property that all its **interior** > local minima (**if any**) are even and all its > **interior** local maxima (**if any**) are odd. Is it > true (as I believe) that > $p_n\to 0$ as $n\to\infty$? Can > one be more precise about the > behavior of $p_n$ as $n\to\infty$? For example, when $n=1$ the permutations of $\lbrace0,1,2\rbrace$ satisfying the above constraints are $$ (0,1,2), (2,1,0), (0,2,1), (1,2,0). $$ Hence $p_1=\frac{2}{3}$. Thanks.